Genesis of Harm and Losses in Civil Law Doctrine. The Factor of European Science

The works of the first Russian jurists on problem compensation for damages in civil law are not sufficiently used scientific this topic. This article can fill gaps and be interest to specialists field research. author has studied compared main published before revolution 1917. It was found that science moved away from consideration universal claims as a remedy focused interpretation sanction an offense. Modern authors repeat four-level structure cases adopted developed Soviet period influence following conditions: illegality, causality, guilt, proven material damage, lost profit. comes conclusion it is necessary return ideas existed Revolution use them improve existing theory losses. pre-Soviet initially proceeded concept responsibility only behavior, since category «illegal actions» introduced Article 684 Code Laws Empire. Due developing industry, separate laws provided payment equivalent property losses any damage dangerous activities, is, materialized risk. In Draft code Empire, branched norms lawful actions appeared. A proper generalization approach phenomenon yet been made. Civil Federation norm due actions, when specified law, but recovery damages.